RAM 

»Ñ¨¨ØºÑ¹¹Õ餧äÁèÁÕã¤Ãà¶Õ§¹Ð¤ÃѺ ÇèÒ RAM ¹Õé ¡çÁÕÊèǹÊӤѭÍÂèÒ§ÁÒ¡ÊÓËÃѺ performance ¢Í§Ãкº PC ·ÕèàÃÒæ ·èÒ¹æ ãªé¡Ñ¹ÍÂÙè ¶éÒà»ç¹ÊÁÑ¡è͹àÃÒ¡çÁÑ¡¨Ð¾Ù´¡Ñ¹áµèÇèÒ RAM à©Âæ áµè»Ñ¨¨ØºÑ¹¹Õé àÃÒ¤§äÁè¤èÍÂä´éàË繤ÓÇèÒ RAM ÍÂÙèâ´´æ à©Âæ ÍÕ¡µèÍä»áÅéÇ Áѹ¨ÐÁÕÍÑ¡ÉÃÍ×è¹æ ÁÒÍÂÙè¢éҧ˹éÒÁѹ àªè¹ EDORAM, SDRAM, VRAM, WRAM ÏÅÏ àÍÒÅÐ àÃÔèÁÊѺʹºéÒ§áÅéÇÅÐÊÔ¤ÃѺ ÇèÒ áÅéÇäÍéà¨éҾǡà¹Õé Áѹ¤×ÍÍÐäÃ? ÁѹµèÒ§¡Ñ¹ÍÂèÒ§äÃ? àÃÒÁҴ١ѹ´Õ¡ÇèÒ¤ÃѺ 

RAM à¹ÕèÂà»ç¹¤ÓÂèÍ ÁÒ¨Ò¡¤ÓàµçÁæÇèÒ Random-Access Memory à»ç¹¤ÇÒÁËÁÒÂÃÇÁæ «Ö觤Ãͺ¤ÅØÁ¶Ö§Ë¹èǤÇÒÁ¨Óª¹Ô´µèÒ§æ Áѹà»ç¹Ë¹èǤÇÒÁ¨Ó·Õè¨Óà»ç¹µéͧÁÕä¿ ÁÒËÅèÍàÅÕé§ ËÒ¡¢Ò´ä¿àÅÕé§áÅéÇ Áѹ¡ç¨ÐäÁè¨ÓÍÐäÃÍÕ¡áÅéÇ ¤§àËÁ×͹æ ÊÁͧ¤¹à¹ÍÐ ËÒ¡¢Ò´àÅ×Í´ËÅèÍàÅÕé§ ¡ç¤§äÁè¨ÓÍÐäÃÍÕ¡áÅéÇ ( ¢¹Ò´ÁÕàÅ×Í´ÁÒàÅÕé§ Âѧ¨Ó¡Ñ¹äÁè¤èÍÂä´éàÅ áËÐ áËÐ ;-P ) ¾Í¾Ù´¶Ö§¤Óæ ¹ÕéáÅéÇÁÑ¡¨Ð¹Ö¡¶Ö§ÍÕ¡¤Ó˹Öè§ «Öè§à¢Õ¹¤ÅéÒÂæ¡Ñ¹ áµè¤ÇÒÁËÁÒµèÒ§¡Ñ¹¹Ñ蹡ç¤×Í ROM ÁÒ¨Ò¡¤ÓÇèÒ Read-Only Memory «Ö觡çËÁÒ¶֧˹èǤÇÒÁ¨Óàªè¹¡Ñ¹ .. àÍêÐ áÅéÇÍÂèÒ§¹Õé ÁѹµèÒ§¡Ñ¹ÍÂèÒ§äÃÅèÐ? 

ROM ¹Ñ鹨Ðà¡çº¢éÍÁÙÅ «Ö觶١ºÑ¹·Ö¡ÁÒµÑé§áµèáááÅéÇ äÁèÊÒÁÒöá¡éä¢ä´é à¾ÃÒЩйÑé¹ CPU ÊÒÁÒö ´Ö§¢éÍÁÙŨҡ ROM ä´éÍÂèÒ§à´ÕÂÇ äÁèÊÒÁÒöºÑ¹·Ö¡ÍÐäÃŧä»ä´é µèÒ§¨Ò¡ RAM «Öè§ CPU ÊÒÁÒö ÍèÒ¹ áÅÐ/ËÃ×Í à¢Õ¹ ¢éÍÁÙŵèÒ§æ ä´é 

Module ¢Í§ RAM

RAM ·ÕèàÃÒ¹ÓÁÒãªé§Ò¹¹Ñ鹨Ðà»ç¹ chip à»ç¹ IC µÑÇàÅç¡æ «Öè§Êèǹ·ÕèàÃÒ¹ÓÁÒãªéà»ç¹Ë¹èǤÇÒÁ¨ÓËÅÑ¡ ¨Ð¶Ù¡ pack ÍÂÙ躹ἧǧ¨Ã ËÃ×Í Circuit Board à»ç¹ module «Ö觡çÁÕËÅÑ¡æ ÍÂÙè 2 module ¤×Í SIMM ¡Ñº DIMM 

SIMM ËÃ×Í Single In-line Memory Module â´Â·Õè Module ª¹Ô´¹Õé ¨ÐÃͧÃѺ datapath 32 bit â´Â·Ñé§Êͧ´éÒ¹¢Í§ circuite board ¨ÐãËéÊÑ­­Ò³à´ÕÂǡѹ 

DIMM ËÃ×Í Dual In-line Memory Module â´Â Module ¹Õéà¾Ô觨СÓà¹Ô´ÁÒäÁè¹Ò¹¹Ñ¡ ÁÕ datapath ¶Ö§ 64 bit â´Â·Ñé§Êͧ´éÒ¹¢Í§ circuite board ¨ÐãËéÊÑ­­Ò³·ÕèµèÒ§¡Ñ¹ 

µÑé§áµè CPU µÃСÙÅ Pentium à»ç¹µé¹ÁÒ ä´éÁÕ¡ÒÃÍ͡ẺãËéãªé§Ò¹¡Ñº datapath ·ÕèÁÒ¡¡ÇèÒ 32 bit à¾ÃÒЩйÑé¹ àÃÒ¨Ö§¾ºÇèÒ àÇÅÒ¨ÐãÊè SIMM RAM º¹ slot RAM ¨ÐµéͧãÊèà»ç¹¤Ùèæ ãÊèâ´´æ ἧà´ÕÂÇäÁèä´é 

Memory Module ³ »Ñ¨¨ØºÑ¹ ÁÕÍÂÙè 3 ÃٻẺ ¤×Í 30-pin, 72-pin, 168-pin áµè·ÕèàÃÒÊÒÁÒö¾ºà¨Íä´éã¹Çѹ¹Õé ¨Ðà»ç¹áºº 72-pin áÅÐ 168-pin â´Â·ÕèẺ 30-pin ¨ÐËÒä´éÂÒ¡áÅéÇ 

ÃÒÂÅÐàÍÕ´¢Í§áµèÅЪ¹Ô´¢Í§ RAM

¡è͹Í×è¹ àÃÒÁÒ´Ù ª¹Ô´¢Í§¡ÒõÃǨÊͺ¢éÍÁÙŢͧ RAM ¡Ñ¹¡è͹¹Ð¤ÃѺ 
 

àÍÒÅèÐ áÅéǵèÍä» àÃÒ¡çÁÒ´Ù¶Ö§áµèÅЪ¹Ô´ áÅÐ ¤ÇÒÁᵡµèÒ§¢Í§ RAM ¡Ñ¹àŹФÃѺ 
 

• Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) 


DRAM ¨Ð·Ó¡ÒÃà¡çº¢éÍÁÙÅã¹µÑÇà¡çº»ÃÐ¨Ø ( Capacitor ) «Ö觨Óà»ç¹¨ÐµéͧÁÕ¡Òà refresh à¾×èÍ à¡çº¢éÍÁÙÅãË餧ÍÂÙè â´Â¡Òà refresh ¹Õé ·ÓãËéà¡Ô´¡ÒÃ˹èǧàÇÅÒ¢Öé¹ã¹¡ÒÃà¢éÒ¶Ö§¢éÍÁÙÅ áÅСçà¹×èͧ ¨Ò¡·ÕèÁѹµéͧ refresh µÑÇàͧÍÂÙèµÅÍ´àÇÅÒ¹Õéàͧ ¨Ö§à»ç¹à˵ØãËéä´éª×èÍÇèÒ Dynamic RAM »Ñ¨¨ØºÑ¹¹Õéá·º¨ÐËÁ´ä»¨Ò¡µÅÒ´áÅéÇ 
 

• Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) 


¨ÐµèÒ§¨Ò¡ DRAM µÃ§·ÕèÇèÒ DRAM ¨Ðµéͧ·Ó¡Òà refresh ¢éÍÁÙÅÍÂÙèµÅÍ´àÇÅÒ áµèã¹¢³Ð·Õè SRAM ¨Ðà¡çº¢éÍÁÙŹÑé¹æ äÇé áÅШÐäÁè·Ó¡Òà refresh â´ÂÍѵâ¹ÁÑµÔ «Öè§Áѹ¨Ð·Ó¡Òà refresh ¡çµèÍàÁ×èÍ ÊÑè§ãËéÁѹ refresh à·èÒ¹Ñé¹ «Ö觢éʹբͧÁѹ ¡ç¤×ͤÇÒÁàÃçÇ «Öè§àÃçÇ¡ÇèÒ DRAM »¡µÔÁÒ¡ áµè¡ç´éÇÂÃÒ¤Ò·ÕèÊÙ§¡ÇèÒÁÒ¡ ¨Ö§à»ç¹¢éÍ´éÍ¢ͧÁѹàªè¹¡Ñ¹ 
 

• Fast Page Mode DRAM (FPM DRAM) 


FPM ¹Ñé¹ ¡çàËÁ×͹æ¡Ñº DRAM à¾Õ§áµèÇèÒ ÁѹŴªèǧ¡ÒÃ˹èǧàÇÅÒã¹¢³Ðà¢éÒ¶Ö§¢éÍÁÙÅŧ ·ÓãËéÁѹ ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁàÃçÇ㹡ÒÃà¢éÒ¶Ö§¢éÍÁÙÅÊÙ§¡ÇèÒ DRAM »¡µÔ â´Â·ÕèÊÑ­­Ò³¹ÒÌÔ¡Òû¡µÔ㹡ÒÃà¢éÒ¶Ö§¢éÍÁÙÅ ¨Ðà»ç¹ 6-3-3-3 ( Latency àÃÔèÁµé¹·Õè 3 clock ¾ÃéÍÁ´éÇ 3 clock ÊÓËÃѺ¡ÒÃà¢éÒ¶Ö§ page ) áÅÐÊÓËÃѺÃкºáºº 32 bit ¨ÐÁÕÍѵÃÒ¡ÒÃÊ觶èÒ¢éÍÁÙÅÊÙ§ÊØ´ 100 MB µèÍÇÔ¹Ò·Õ ÊèǹÃкºáºº 64 bit ¨ÐÁÕÍѵÃÒ¡ÒÃÊ觶èÒ¢éÍÁÙÅÊÙ§ÊØ´·Õè 200 MB µèÍÇÔ¹Ò·Õ àªè¹¡Ñ¹¤ÃѺ »Ñ¨¨ØºÑ¹¹Õé RAM ª¹Ô´¹Õé¡çá·º¨ÐËÁ´ä»¨Ò¡µÅÒ´áÅéÇ áµè¡çÂѧ¤§àËç¹ä´éºéÒ§áÅÐÁÑ¡¨ÐÁÕÃÒ¤Ò ·Õè¤è͹¢éҧᾧàÁ×èÍà·Õº¡Ñº RAM ÃØè¹ãËÁèæ à¹×èͧ¨Ò¡·ÕèÇèÒ »ÃÔÁÒ³·ÕèÁÕã¹·éͧµÅÒ´ÁÕ¹éÍÂÁÒ¡ ·Ñé§æ·Õè ÂѧÁÕ¤¹·Õèµéͧ¡ÒÃãªé RAM ª¹Ô´¹ÕéÍÂÙè 
 

• Extended-Data Output (EDO) DRAM 


ËÃ×ÍÍÕ¡ª×èÍ˹Ö觡ç¤×Í Hyper-Page Mode DRAM «Ö觾Ѳ¹Ò¢Öé¹ÍÕ¡ÃдѺ˹Öè§ â´Â¡Ò÷ÕèÁѹ¨ÐÍéÒ§ÍÔ§µÓáË¹è§ ·ÕèÍèÒ¹¢éÍÁÙŨҡ¤ÃÑ駡è͹äÇé´éÇ »¡µÔáÅéÇ¡Òô֧¢éÍÁÙŨҡ RAM ³ µÓá˹è§ã´æ ÁÑ¡¨Ð´Ö§¢éÍÁÙÅ ³ µÓá˹觷ÕèÍÂÙèã¡Åéæ ¨Ò¡¡Òô֧¡è͹˹éÒ¹Õé à¾ÃÒЧÑé¹ ¶éÒÁÕ¡ÒÃÍéÒ§ÍÔ§ ³ µÓá˹è§à¡èÒäÇé¡è͹ ¡ç¨Ð·ÓãËé àÊÕÂàÇÅÒ㹡ÒÃà¢éÒ¶Ö§µÓá˹觹éÍÂŧ áÅÐÍÕ¡·Ñé§ÁѹÂѧŴªèǧàÇÅҢͧ CAS latency ŧ´éÇ áÅдéǤÇÒÁÊÒÁÒö¹Õé ·ÓãËé¡ÒÃà¢éÒ¶Ö§¢éÍÁÙÅ´Õ¢Ö鹡ÇèÒà´ÔÁ ¡ÇèÒ 40% àÅ·Õà´ÕÂÇ áÅÐÁÕ¤ÇÒÁ ÊÒÁÒöâ´ÂÃÇÁÊÙ§¡ÇèÒ FPM ¡ÇèÒ 15% 

EDO ¨Ð·Ó§Ò¹ä´é´Õ·Õè 66MHz ´éÇ Timming 5-2-2-2 áÅÐ ¡çÂѧ·Ó§Ò¹ä´é´Õàªè¹¡Ñ¹¶Ö§áÁé¨Ðãªé§Ò¹·Õè 83MHz ´éÇ Timming ¹Õé áÅÐËÒ¡ÇèÒ chip EDO ¹Õé ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁàÃçÇ·ÕèÊÙ§ÁÒ¡¾Í ( ÁÒ¡¡ÇèÒ 50ns ) Áѹ¡çÊÒÁÒöãªé§Ò¹ä´é ³ 100 MHz ·Õè Timming 6-3-3-3 ä´éÍÂèҧʺÒ ÍѵÃÒ¡ÒÃÊ觶èÒ¢éÍÁÙÅÊÙ§ÊØ´¢Í§ DRAM ª¹Ô´¹ÕéÍÂÙè·Õè 264M µèÍÇÔ¹Ò·Õ 

EDO RAM àͧ¡çàªè¹¡Ñ¹ ³ »Ñ¨¨ØºÑ¹¹Õé ¡çËÒä´é¤è͹¢éÒ§ÂÒ¡áÅéÇã¹·éͧµÅÒ´ à¹×èͧ¨Ò¡ºÃÔÉÑ·¼Ùé¼ÅÔµ ËÂØ´¼ÅÔµ ËÃ×Í ¼ÅԵ㹻ÃÔÁÒ³¹éÍÂŧáÅéÇ à¾ÃÒÐËѹ仼ÅÔµ RAM ÃØè¹ãËÁèæ á·¹ ·ÓãËéÃÒ¤ÒàÁ×èÍà·Õºà»ç¹ àÁ¡µèÍàÁ¡ ¡Ñº SDRAM ¨Ö§á¾§¡ÇèÒ 
 

• Burst EDO (BEDO) DRAM 


BEDO ä´éà¾ÔèÁ¤ÇÒÁÊÒÁÒö¢Öé¹ÁÒ¨Ò¡ EDO à´ÔÁ ¤×Í Burst Mode â´ÂËÅѧ¨Ò¡·ÕèÁѹä´é address ·Õèµéͧ¡Òà address áááÅéÇ Áѹ¡ç¨Ð·Ó¡Òà generate ÍÕ¡ 3 address ¢Ö鹷ѹ·Õ ÀÒÂã¹ 1 ÊÑ­­Ò³¹ÒÌÔ¡Ò ´Ñ§¹Ñ鹨֧µÑ´ªèǧàÇÅÒ㹡ÒÃÃѺ address µèÍä» à¾ÃÒЩйÑé¹ Timming ¢Í§Áѹ¨Ö§à»ç¹ 5-1-1-1 ³ 66 MHz 

BEDO äÁèà»ç¹·Õèá¾ÃèËÅÒ áÅÐä´éÃѺ¤ÇÒÁ¹ÔÂÁà¾Õ§ÃÐÂÐàÇÅÒÊÑé¹æ à¹×èͧÁÒ¨Ò¡ÇèÒ·Ò§ Intel µÑ´ÊÔ¹ã¨ãªé SDRAM á·¹ EDO áÅÐäÁèä´éãªé BEDO à»ç¹Êèǹ»ÃСͺ㹡ÒþѲ¹Ò chipset ¢Í§µ¹ ·ÓãËéºÃÔÉÑ·¼Ùé¼ÅÔµµèÒ§æ ËѹÁҾѲ¹Ò SDRAM ¡Ñ¹á·¹ 
 

• Synchronous DRAM (SDRAM) 


SDRAM ¹Õé ¨ÐµèÒ§¨Ò¡ DRAM à´ÔÁ µÃ§·ÕèÁѹ¨Ð·Ó§Ò¹ÊÍ´¤Åéͧ¡ÑºÊÑ­­Ò³¹ÒÌÔ¡Ò ÊÓËÃѺ DRAM à´ÔÁ¨Ð·ÃÒºµÓá˹觷Õè¨ÐÍèÒ¹ ¡çµèÍàÁ×èÍà¡Ô´·Ñé§ RAS áÅÐ CAS ¢Öé¹ áÅéǨ֧·Ó¡Òà ä»ÍèÒ¹¢éÍÁÙÅ â´ÂÁÕªèǧàÇÅÒ㹡ÒÃà¢éÒ¶Ö§¢éÍÁÙÅ µÒÁ·ÕèàÃÒæÁÑ¡¨Ðä´éàË繺¹ chip ¢Í§µÑÇ RAM àÅ àªè¹ -50 , -60, -80 â´Â -50 ËÁÒ¶֧ ªèǧàÇÅÒà¢éÒ¶Ö§ ãªéàÇÅÒ 50 ¹Òâ¹ÇÔ¹Ò·Õà»ç¹µé¹ áµèÇèÒ SDRAM ¨ÐãªéÊÑ­­Ò³¹ÒÌÔ¡Òà»ç¹µÑÇ¡Ó˹´¡Ò÷ӧҹ â´Â¨Ðãªé¤ÇÒÁ¶Õè¢Í§ÊÑ­­Ò³à»ç¹µÑÇÃÐºØ SDRAM ¨Ð·Ó§Ò¹µÒÁÊÑ­­Ò³¹ÒÌÔ¡Ò¢Ò¢Öé¹ à¾×èÍÃÍÃѺµÓá˹觷Õèµéͧ¡ÒÃãËéÁѹÍèÒ¹ áÅéǨҡ¹Ñé¹ Áѹ¡ç¨Ð令é¹ËÒãËé áÅÐãËé¼ÅÅѾ¸ìÍÍ¡ÁÒ ËÅѧ¨Ò¡ä´éÃѺµÓá˹è§áÅéÇ à·èҡѺ ¤èÒ CAS àªè¹ CAS 2 ¡ç¤×Í ËÅѧ¨Ò¡ÃѺµÓá˹觷Õè¨ÐÍèÒ¹áÅéÇ Áѹ¡ç¨ÐãËé¼ÅÅѾ¸ìÍÍ¡ÁÒ ÀÒÂã¹ 2 ÅÙ¡¢Í§ÊÑ­­Ò³¹ÒÌÔ¡Ò 

SDRAM ¨ÐÁÕ Timming à»ç¹ 5-1-1-1 «Öè§á¹è¹Í¹ ÁѹàÃçǾÍæ ¡Ñ¹¡Ñº BEDO RAM àÅ·Õà´ÕÂÇ áµèÇèÒÁѹÊÒÁÒö ·Ó§Ò¹ä´é ³ 100 MHz ËÃ×Í ÁÒ¡¡ÇèÒ áÅÐÁÕÍѵÃÒ¡ÒÃÊ觶èÒ¢éÍÁÙÅÊÙ§ÊØ´ÍÂÙè·Õè 528 M µèÍÇÔ¹Ò·Õ 
 

• DDR SDRAM ( ËÃ×Í ·ÕèàÃÕ¡¡Ñ¹ÇèÒ SDRAM II ) 


DDR DRAM ¹Õé á¡ÍÍ¡ÁÒ¨Ò¡ SDRAM â´Â¨Ø´·ÕèµèÒ§¡Ñ¹ËÅÑ¡æ ¢Í§·Ñé§Êͧª¹Ô´¹Õé¤×Í DDR SDRAM ¹Õé ÊÒÁÒö·Õè¨Ðãªé§Ò¹ä´é·Ñ駢ҢÖé¹ áÅÐ ¢Òŧ ¢Í§ÊÑ­­Ò³¹ÒÌÔ¡Ò à¾×èÍÊ觶èÒ¢éÍÁÙÅ ¹Ñ蹡ç·ÓãËéÍѵÃÒÊ觶èÒÂà¾ÔèÁä´é¶Ö§à·èÒµÑÇ «Ö觨ÐÁÕÍѵÃÒÊ觶èÒ¢éÍÁÙÅÊÙ§ÊØ´¶Ö§ 1 G µèÍÇÔ¹Ò·ÕàÅ·Õà´ÕÂÇ 
 

• Rambus DRAM (RDRAM) 


ª×èͧ͢ RAMBUS à»ç¹à¤Ã×èͧËÁÒ¡ÒäéҢͧºÃÔÉÑ· RAMBUS Inc. «Ö觵Ñ駢Öé¹ÁÒµÑé§áµèÂؤ 80 áÅéÇ à¾ÃÒЩйÑé¹ ª×è͹Õé ¡çäÁèãªèª×èÍ·ÕèãËÁèÍÐäùѡ â´Â»Ñ¨¨ØºÑ¹ä´éàÍÒËÅÑ¡¡Òâͧ RAMBUS ÁҾѲ¹ÒãËÁè â´Â¡ÒÃÅ´ pin, ÃÇÁ static buffer, áÅÐ ·Ó¡ÒûÃѺáµè§·Ò§ interface ãËÁè DRAM ª¹Ô´¹Õé ¨ÐÊÒÁÒö·Ó§Ò¹ä´é·Ñ駢ͺ¢Ò¢Öé¹áÅÐŧ ¢Í§ÊÑ­­Ò³¹ÒÌÔ¡Ò áÅÐ à¾Õ§ªèͧÊÑ­­Ò³à´ÕÂÇ ¢Í§Ë¹èǤÇÒÁ¨ÓẺ RAMBUS ¹Õé ÁÕ Performance ÁÒ¡¡ÇèÒà»ç¹ 3 à·èÒ ¨Ò¡ SDRAM 100MHz áÅéÇ áÅÐ à¾Õ§á¤èªèͧÊÑ­­Ò³à´ÕÂǹÕé¡çÁÕÍѵÃÒ¡ÒÃÊ觶èÒ¢éÍÁÙÅÊÙ§ÊØ´¶Ö§ 1.6 G µèÍÇÔ¹Ò·Õ 

¶Ö§áÁéÇèÒàÇÅÒ㹡ÒÃà¢éÒ¶Ö§¢éÍÁÙÅẺÊØèÁ¢Í§RAMª¹Ô´¹Õé¨ÐªéÒ áµè¡ÒÃà¢éÒ¶Ö§¢éÍÁÙÅẺµèÍà¹×èͧ¨ÐàÃçÇÁÒ¡æææ «Öè§ËÒ¡ÇèÒ RDRAM ¹ÕéÁÕ¡ÒþѲ¹Ò Interface áÅÐ ÁÕ PCB ·Õè´Õæ áÅéÇÅСç ÃÇÁ¶Ö§ Controller ¢Í§ Interface ãËéÊÒÁÒöãªé§Ò¹Áѹä´é¶Ö§ 2 ªèͧÊÑ­­Ò³áÅéÇËÅèСç Áѹ¨ÐÁÕÍѵÃÒÊ觶èÒ¢éÍÁÙÅà¾ÔèÁà»ç¹ 3.2 G µèÍÇÔ¹Ò·Õ áÅÐËÒ¡ÇèÒÊÒÁÒöãªé§Ò¹ä´é¶Ö§ 4 ªèͧÊÑ­­Ò³ ¡ç¨ÐÊÒÁÒöà¾ÔèÁ件֧ 6.4 G µèÍÇÔ¹Ò·Õ ÁËÒÈÒÅàÅÂËÅèÐ! 
 

• Synchronous Graphics RAM (SGRAM) 


SGRAM ¹Õé ¡çá¡ÍÍ¡ÁÒ¨Ò¡ SDRAM àªè¹¡Ñ¹ â´ÂÁѹ¶Ù¡»ÃѺáµè§ÁÒÊÓËÃѺ§Ò¹´éÒ¹ Graphics à»ç¹¾ÔàÈÉ áµèâ´Ââ¤Ã§ÊÃéÒ§¢Í§ Hardware áÅéÇ á·º¨ÐäÁèµèÒ§¨Ò¡ SDRAM àÅ àÃÒ¨Ö§¨Ò¡ºÒ§ Graphic Card ·ÕèÃØè¹à´ÕÂǡѹ áµèãªé SDRAM ¡çÁÕ SGRAM ¡çÁÕ àªè¹ Matrox G200 䧤ÃѺ áµè¨Ø´·ÕèµèÒ§¡Ñ¹ ¡ç¤×Ϳѧ¡ìªÑè¹ ·Õèãªéâ´Â Page Register «Öè§ SG ÊÒÁÒö·Ó¡ÒÃà¢Õ¹¢éÍÁÙÅä´éËÅÒÂæµÓáË¹è§ ã¹ÊÑ­­Ò³¹ÒÌÔ¡Òà´ÕÂÇ ã¹¨Ø´¹Õé ·ÓãËé¤ÇÒÁàÃçÇ㹡ÒÃáÊ´§¼Å áÅÐ Clear Screen ·Óä´éàÃçÇÁÒ¡ áÅÐ ÂѧÊÒÁÒöà¢Õ¹à¾Õ§á¤è ºÒ§ bit ã¹ word ä´é ( ¤×ÍäÁèµéͧà¢Õ¹¢éÍÁÙÅãËÁè·Ñé§ËÁ´ à¢Õ¹à¾Õ§á¤è¢éÍÁÙÅ·Õèà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§à·èÒ¹Ñé¹ ) â´Âãªé bit mask 㹡ÒÃàÅ×Í¡ bit ·Õè¨Ðà¢Õ¹ãËÁè 

ÊÓËÃѺ§Ò¹â´Â»¡µÔáÅéÇ SGRAM á·º¨ÐäÁèãËé¼Å·ÕèµèÒ§¨Ò¡ SDRAM àÅ ÁѹàËÁÒСѺ§Ò¹´éÒ¹ Graphics ÁÒ¡¡ÇèÒ à¾ÃÒдéǤÇÒÁÊÒÁÒö·ÕèÇèÒáÊ´§¼ÅàÃçÇáÅÐ Clear Screen ä´éàÃçÇ Áѹ¨Ö§àËÁÒСѺãªéº¹ Graphics Card ÁÒ¡¡ÇèÒ ·Õè¨Ðãªéº¹ System 
 

• Video RAM (VRAM) 


VRAM ª×èÍ¡çºÍ¡ÍÂÙèáÅéÇÇèÒ ·Ó§Ò¹à¡ÕèÂǡѺ Video à¾ÃÒÐÁѹ¶Ù¡Í͡ẺÁÒãªéº¹ Display Card â´Â VRAM ¹Õé ¡çÁÕ¾×é¹°Ò¹ÁÒ¨Ò¡ DRAM àªè¹¡Ñ¹ áµè·Õè·ÓãËéÁѹµèÒ§¡Ñ¹ ¡ç´éÇ¡Å䡺ҧÍÂèÒ§·Õèà¾ÔèÁà¢éÒÁÒ â´Â·Õè VRAM ¹Ñé¹ ¨ÐÁÕ serial port ¾ÔàÈÉà¾ÔèÁ¢Öé¹ÁÒÍÕ¡ 1 ËÃ×Í 2 port ·ÓãËéàÃÒÁͧÇèÒÁѹà»ç¹ RAM Ẻ ¾ÍÃì·¤Ùè ( Dual-Port ) ËÃ×Í äµÃ¾ÍÃì· ( Triple-Port ) Parallel Port «Öè§à»ç¹ Standard Interface ¢Í§Áѹ ¨Ð¶Ù¡ãªé㹡ÒõԴµè͡Ѻ Host Processor à¾×èÍÊÑ觡ÒÃãËé·Ó¡Òà refresh ÀÒ¾¢Öé¹ÁÒãËÁè áÅÐ Serial Port ·Õèà¾ÔèÁ¢Öé¹ÁÒ ¨Ðãªé㹡ÒÃÊ觢éÍÁÙÅÀÒ¾ ÍÍ¡ÊÙè Display 
 

• Windows RAM (WRAM) 


WRAM ¹Õé ´Ùæä»áÅéÇàËÁ×͹¡ÑºÇèÒ ¶Ù¡¾Ñ²¹Òâ´Â Matrox à¾ÃÒÐ á·º¨Ðà»ç¹¼Ùéà´ÕÂÇ·Õèãªé RAM ª¹Ô´¹Õé º¹ Graphics Card ¢Í§µ¹ ( card µÃСÙÅ Millenium áÅÐ Millenium II áµèäÁèÃÇÁ Millenium G200 «Öè§ãªé SGRAM ) áµè»Ñ¨¨ØºÑ¹¹Õé¡çàËç¹Áբͧ Number 9 ·Õèãªé WRAM àªè¹¡Ñ¹ ã¹ÃØè¹ Number 9 Revolution IV ·Õèãªé WRAM 8M º¹ Card WRAM ¹Õé â´ÂÃÇÁáÅéÇ¡çàËÁ×͹æ¡Ñº VRAM ¨ÐµèÒ§¡Ñ¹¡çµÃ§·ÕèÁѹÃͧÃѺ Bandwith ·ÕèÊÙ§¡ÇèÒ ÍÕ¡·Ñé§ÂѧãªéÃкº Double-Buffer ÍÕ¡´éÇ ¨Ö§·ÓãËéÁѹàÃçÇ¡ÇèÒ VRAM ÍÕ¡ÁÒ¡·Õà´ÕÂÇ